Flight: A Play in One Scene by Steve Hauk

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J.S., older, at his writing desk in his New York City apartment. Corduroy sport coat, plaid shirt open at the collar. Several pads of lined yellow paper and unopened letters on his desk. A hallway stage left, the front door to the apartment stage right. In the back wall, but not behind him, a window looking out onto the dark, some illumination from city lights. It is late night.

A bookcase close by. On top, a tape recorder, lighting making it slightly more noticeable. He snubs out a cigarette, looks at recorder. He clicks it on, clears his throat, changes his mind, clicks it off.

He is tense. Picks up a letter, puts it down. Turns and stares at window. Stands, goes to it, looks out. Paces, return to desk, opens a letter. Leans forward, reads to himself.

Hears a sound from outside the door, starts, gets up, goes to door, listens, tries   knob to make sure it is locked, returns to desk, sits, opens desk drawer, pulls out a revolver. Checks if it is loaded, sets it on the desk. Picks it up again, checks it again, smiles at his fear, returns it to desk top, facing the barrel toward the door.

Picks yellow tablet, looks at something he has written, takes a pencil, adds a word or two, scratches one out, clears his throat, reads from it:

J.S.: “He felt it intensely, in the tainted land, in houses, in small towns and . . .”

Looks at tape recorder, considers, switches it on, a slight whirring sound.

J.S. (Looks at tablet, clears his throat, reads again, to the tape recorder): He felt it intensely, in the tainted land, in houses, in small towns and large cities, on plains and rolling hills, a kind of evil –

A Man’s Voice (Interrupting): John, who’re you talking to . . . ?

He starts, looks up from his tablet. The Gaunt Man is standing downstage, half in and out of the light, in overalls, chewing on a toothpick.

J.S.: Tom!

Gaunt Man (Laughs): First time I ever scared you!

J.S.: Nah, you didn’t scare me.

Gaunt Man: You sure ‘n hell jumped! (Grins) Something you wrote – scare yourself?

J.S. (Smiles): I’ve done that.

Gaunt Man: Damn good writer who can scare himself.

J.S. (Furtively covering the revolver with a yellow pad): Well, I admit you surprised me, Tom – it’s been a while since your last visit.

Gaunt Man: You were doing okay there for a time – didn’t think you needed me.

J.S.: Don’t take this wrong, Tom, but don’t think I do now.

Gaunt Man: Course you do or I wouldn’t be here – you called for me.

J.S.: You always say that . . .

Gaunt Man: Cause it’s true. (Chews on toothpick, shakes his head) Beats me why anyone’d question those gone before them! . . . Like an infant questioning how her mama shells peas. Makes no sense. The infant hasn’t shelled a pea – and you haven’t been where I’ve been. (A beat) What’s that there?

J.S. (Thinking initially he means the revolver, puts his hand over pad): What’s what?

Gaunt Man (Pointing at the tape recorder): That – that thing goin’ round?

J.S. (Relieved): Oh, that’s called a tape recorder. I didn’t have it last time you visited?

Gaunt Man: I’d sure remember something goin’ round like that . . . does it do anything else?

J.S.: Copies your voice . . . when you play it back, you hear what you just said.

Gaunt Man: If you just said it, what’s the point?

J.S.: Well . . .

Gaunt Man: Why not just get a parrot?

J.S.: I got a talking myna bird, Tom, why would I want a parrot?

Gaunt Man (Looking around): Thought it was quiet in here. Where is he – where’s John L?

J.S. (Fingers to lips): In the bedroom, snoozing. Don’t get him started. John L kibitzes, I kibitz back, nothing gets done.

Gaunt Man: Keeping Elaine up?

J.S. (A beat, bordering on a mumble): Elaine’s gone a few days.

Gaunt Man (Pause): So that’s what you were doing when I came in, copying your voice?

J.S.: Well . . .

Gaunt Man: Tell me about it.

J.S.: It’s like a Dictaphone machine, Tom – you ever hear of those?

Gaunt Man (Nodding): Sure, like a parrot.

J.S. (Nettled): But you don’t have to be as close to be recorded, so it’s different. This thing can hear you clear across the room.

Gaunt Man: So can a parrot. This something new in the world?

J.S.: Been around a while, but now a little more affordable . . .

Gaunt Man: Even for Okies?

J.S.: Not back then. But the Okies today – if they can afford a radio, they can probably afford one of these.

Gaunt Man (Staring at it): Yeah, sure, but is it a waste of money?

J.S.: Not sure yet . . . still trying it out.

Gaunt Man: To do what?

J.S.: I read the words I’ve written into this, to see how they sound.

Gaunt Man: That’s what you were doing when I came in?

J.S.: Starting to . . .

Gaunt Man: That so important, how the words sound? Do your readers read your books out loud? Isn’t that for children’s books?

J.S. (Irritably): Listen, Tom –

Gaunt Man: I don’t get it, that’s all.

J.S.: It’s a rhythm thing . . . probably more than a sound thing.

Gaunt Man (Skeptical): Uh, okay . . . and what’s the excuse for the gun under your yellow writing pad . . . or do you think I missed that clever move of yours?

J.S.: That, Tom, is none of your business.

Gaunt Man: Come on – you wanted me to see it, so talk about it.

J.S. (Stands, paces): I didn’t want you to see it, and I don’t want to talk about it.

Gaunt Man: You sure about that?

J.S. (Felt): I’m clumsy, that’s all. Always have been, you know that. (Suddenly morose): Sorry, Tom, just tired . . . taking it out on you.

Gaunt Man (Curious, cocking his head): Tired? You are the one man I know never gets tired. What makes you tired now?

J.S.: Riling people, I guess.

Gaunt Man: Hell, John, riling people’s what makes you tick.

J.S.: Well then, I’m tired of people I riled threatening me and mine.

Gaunt Man: That happen?

J.S.: All my life, from the California days on.

Gaunt Man (Pause): Recently too?

J.S. (A beat): Sure . . .

Gaunt Man (Pushing): When?

J.S.: . . . few days ago. . .

Gaunt Man: That’s why the gun?

J.S.: Had guns before, after those cowboys came after me – about the time you were coming into being, Tom.

Gaunt Man (Gently): I know that story alright, you told me enough times – they kill you, no me, no Tom. We settled that . . . Now tell me about this one.

J.S.: Not much to tell – guy calls – soft voice – says don’t be thinking you’re safe just because you’re three thousand miles away. I’m coming for you.

Gaunt Man: Maybe a bill collector?

J.S. (Laughs): Could be.

Gaunt Man: Anything more this guy says?

J.S.: The usual – calls me a Commie. (Smiles ruefully) Well, J. Edgar would agree with him.

Gaunt Man: Hoover?

J.S.: Yeah.

Gaunt Man: Then what – about the call, I mean.

J.S.: Nothing more . . . he hangs up – softly.

Gaunt Man (A beat): Call’s from California?

J.S.: Three thousand miles . . . so works out . . . unless . . .

Gaunt Man: Unless?

J.S.: Unless he’s already here . . . the distance remark making me think I’ve got some time . . . be clever of him.

Gaunt Man (The gun): Why you have this ready to go?

J.S.: Be a fool not to, Tom.

Gaunt Man (Studies him, chews on toothpick): You get lots of threats, why this one bother you?

J.S.: The softness of the voice . . . something about it . . . reminded me when I was a kid and a soft wind blew up the valley, rustling the leaves outside my house . . . (Goes to window, looks out, pause) . . . in the afternoons, day after day. . . I told you before . . . don’t know why, but that scared me as a boy in Salinas . . . still does . . . this voice had that quality . . . like the soft wind through the trees . . .  and then . . . well . . . (Change of mood, shrugs his shoulders) . . . well, kind of a funny thing now . . .

Gaunt Man: Funny?

J.S.: Hoover’s men tailing me been driving me crazy lately – but since that call, I’m glad they are . . . doing me a favor – when I’m followed like this afternoon, and see it’s one of Hoover’s boys, I breathe easier . . . (Smiles) Hoover’d have a fit if he thought he was doing me a favor    . . .

They are quiet a moment as he looks out window meditatively. The Gaunt Man shifts his weight restlessly.

Gaunt Man: Watching you now? . . .

J.S. (As he moves away from window, back to desk): Across the boulevard . . . government’s renting a hotel room . . . a suite, probably.

Gaunt Man (Still skeptical): Watching you through that window?

J.S.: Yep.

Gaunt Man: John, you been drinking? (Goes to window, hand in an overall pocket, casually looks out, chewing on his toothpick) Can’t see nothin’ . . . just a big building . . .

J.S.: That’s a hotel. They’re there, Tom.

Gaunt Man: You sure?

J.S.: Third floor, fourth window from the left.

Gaunt Man: You seem pretty cool for a man being investigated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

J.S.: They’ve investigated me since the Thirties.

Gaunt Man: Get anything on you?

J.S.: Not much.

Gaunt Man (Looks out again): You think they’re lookin’ at me now?

J.S. (A beat): Better question is, can they see you?

Gaunt Man: You mean `cause I’m what some people call a apparition?

J.S.: That’s what I’m wondering.

Gaunt Man: Maybe I should wave . . . (Looking again) What floor you say?

J.S.: Third floor, fourth window from the left . . . almost straight across . . . should be dark so you can’t see them.

Gaunt Man (Looking): I’ll wave . . . (Does so, lazily, waits, turns back) And if they saw me? . . .

J.S.: Immediate report to J. Edgar – “Boss, the writer’s hanging out with a Commie in overalls.” Hoover’d say, “That figures,” might even laugh . . .

Gaunt Man: But you’re glad they’re watching you now . . .

J.S.: Someone kills me in this room, maybe they’ll see it, get the bastard . . . more important, get my body out of here before Elaine returns. (A beat) Hoover long ago . . . my California days . . . we go way back, you know . . . both of us young . . . sent me a typewritten note, unsigned, but I knew it was from him . . . wrote there were people wanted me dead . . . told me to be wary of strangers, maybe even some people I knew . . .

Gaunt Man: You take that as a threat?

J.S.: A warning – he wanted me for himself, wanted to be the one to get me to crack. I sent a return note thanking him, signed my name, never got a reply ­– think he was embarrassed he might have done something nice.

Gaunt Man: All this why Elaine’s gone? For your woman’s safety?

J.S. (Nodding): Sent her off for a while.

A Voice (From off, plaintiff tone): Elaine! Elaine!

They both look toward hallway.

J.S.: We woke him.

Gaunt Man: Bring him out?

J.S.: I don’t want him here . . . in case . . .

Gaunt Man: The man with the soft voice?

J.S.: Be the same as a child seeing it . . . animals know about death . . . maybe he’d kill John L too . . . sounded like someone who’d find pleasure doing something like that . . .

A Voice (Pleadingly): John! Elaine! John!

Gaunt Man (Pause, gesturing toward John L’s voice): Well?

J.S. (Pause): Not yet – I want him to get used to us not being around, not at his beck and call.

Gaunt Man: You goin’ somewhere?

J.S.: We’re flying to Europe soon, maybe after I’ll push on to Vietnam. (Pause, softer) John L doesn’t know it, but he’s leaving us . . . going to Hollywood, has a new home waiting with Fred, a movie man . . . makes damn good movies, Fred does.

J.S. looks off, then moves tablet, almost absently picks up the revolver, studies it.

Gaunt Man (Waits, then): How it feel?

J.S. (Noncommittal): Okay . . .

Gaunt Man: Colt automatic?

J.S.: Got two, one for here, the other (Pats his chest) for carry.

Gaunt Man: Licensed?

J.S.: (Nodding): Wasn’t easy . . .

Gaunt Man: Character witnesses?

J.S.: Needed four . . . had to scramble . . . Some friends backed off . . . that hurt some . . .

Gaunt Man: . . . should have expected . . .

J.S. (Nodding): I did . . . hurt anyway, you know? . . . One signed without hesitation – John L’s vet’ in Nyack, man named Morris Segal . . . said he likes the way I treat animals, doesn’t give a damn about my politics . . .

A Voice: John L’s hungry! John L’s hungry!

J.S: (Calling): Be there soon, John L . . . (A beat) Likes celery and bananas, John L does . . . and a thick piece of wheat bread spread with butter. (Pause) You know, Tom, the Irish have this belief if there’s a bird in your home the day after you die, your soul flies free . . .

The Gaunt Man turns away, looks off, with his hands in his overall pockets, chews restlessly on his toothpick.

J.S.: . . . they say a wild bird . . . but not many birds given the chance won’t take flight . . . why we clip their feathers and keep them in cages . . . denying them freedom.

Gaunt Man (Trying to sound offhand, but tense): Tell you, John, freedom hasn’t done much for me – I’m free but I killed a man and can’t forget it . . .

J.S.: Tom . . .? Tom, I wrote that.

Gaunt Man (Turns back to face him): You wrote it, but it happened to me.

J.S.: Needed to do it . . . you had to suffer . . .  thought you understood, thought we talked all this out long ago . . .

Gaunt Man: Talkin’ don’t make it go away. Sometimes I try imaginin’ that man – what he done to make me so angry . . .

J.S. (Pause): You bump into him out there?

Gaunt Man: Not yet . . . but keep an eye.

J.S.: You think he’d want revenge?

Gaunt Man: We’re beyond revenge out there but not above letting the other know. I keep an eye for cops, too, you havin’ me say wherever a cop was beating up a field worker and, well, the rest of that stuff, that I’d be there . . . don’t see me or anyone else lasting long sayin’ stuff like that . . .

J.S.: Don’t forget, Tom, I made you resourceful.

Gaunt Man: Yeah, maybe . . .

J.S. (Pause, studies him): . . . and gave you ideals . . .

Gaunt Man: I guess . . .

J.S. (Conceding): I’m sorry, Tom . . .

Gaunt Man (Nods acceptance, chews on toothpick, looks away, pause): It’s okay . . . I’m tired, that’s all . . . so takin’ it out on you, I guess.

J.S. looks at him with a kind of sorrow. There is a silence, then:

The Voice: John L’s lonely! John L’s lonely!

J.S. turns away, goes to window, looks out.

J.S.: John L realizes we’re coming to the end . . . Elaine, him, me . . . (Pause) . . .     would have liked him here the day after I die . . .

Gaunt Man (Looking toward door): He might be, you’re not careful.

J.S.: I named him after John L. Lewis . . . champion of the working man . . . not unlike you, Tom. (Looking out window, trying to lighten the mood) You can bet an agent’s dialing Hoover right now – “Hey, boss, no reason to worry about that writer anymore – he’s talking to himself again.” And Hoover says, “Imbecile, those are just the kind we need to worry about – the crazy ones.”

Gaunt Man tries to smile, can’t. They are silent a moment, awkward with each other for the first time. Footsteps heard. Then silence. They look toward door.

J.S.(Pause): You’d better go . . . just in case . . .

Gaunt Man: You sure?

J.S.: You being here would destroy something . . .  some kind of balance we shouldn’t fool with . . .

The Gaunt Man takes a few steps back, gesturing toward the window.

Gaunt Man: Use your head – shoot straight and keep the lights on and the blinds up . . . (Indicating tape recorder) . . . and that parrot machine goin’ round . . .  might prove handy somehow . . .

J.S: So maybe it’s good for something after all?

Gaunt Man: Maybe . . . (With a sudden cock of his head) You think it’s hearing me . . . hearing what I’m saying?

J.S. (Looking over at it, same curious attitude): I don’t know, Tom.

The Gaunt Man disappears into the darkness.

Gaunt Man’s Voice (Trailing off): . . . hearing my voice . . .

J.S. waits a moment, then approaches his desk.

The Voice: John L is lonely! John L is hungry!

J.S. (Sotto voce): I’m coming, John L. I’m coming with celery and a banana – maybe even a nice piece of wheat bread.

J.S. looks at the tape recorder. Sets the revolver on the desk pointing toward the door. He puts the recorder on rewind. The sound is intense. He waits, nervous, an eye on the door. The recorder lurches to a stop. The door is tried. J.S.  flips the recorder on play, without looking picks up the gun and holds it ready.

The Tape Recorder (After a few seconds of silence): “He felt it intensely, in the tainted land, in houses, in small towns and large cities, on plains and rolling hills, a kind of evil – “

Gaunt Man’s Voice (Interrupting): “John, who’re you talking to . . .?”

Blackout.

Gavin Jones Revisits Steinbeck@Stanford

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If Gavin Jones had been a professor there 100 years ago, would John Steinbeck have stayed at Stanford University long enough to finish? Probably not, according to Jones, who addressed the fraught subject of Steinbeck@Stanford at the Stanford University Library on January 30. Jones—who holds the Frederick P. Rehmus Family Chair in Humanities in the Department of English—spoke to a capacity crowd of 200 at the evening event, which was sponsored by the Stanford Historical Society and included a pop-up exhibit from the library’s collection of Steinbeck manuscripts and memorabilia. Credited with contributing to the revival of campus interest in Steinbeck, who enrolled intermittently between 1919 and 1925, Jones used examples of Steinbeck’s early writing to show how Stanford’s emphasis on creativity, collaboration, and interdisciplinary learning shaped the character, context, and content of works like To a God Unknown and Cannery Row—manuscripts of which, in Steinbeck’s hard-to-read hand, were on display at the event. Although he left without earning a diploma and refused to accept an honorary degree, “Stanford was always on his mind,” said Jones. Assuming “the mythology of a misfit” early in his career, Steinbeck was a life-long experimenter whose insights into ecology, empathy, and eugenics—all shaped by Stanford—were, Jones added, ahead of their time and set him apart from literary figures like William Faulkner, who dropped out of Old Miss, and Ernest Hemingway, who skipped college to work as a reporter.

Sketches of John Steinbeck and Ed Ricketts Resurface in Carmel, California Collection

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Numerous artists drew, painted, or photographed John Steinbeck, but artistic images of his friend Ed Ricketts are relatively rare. This made the chance discovery of a drawing of Ricketts by Ellwood Graham—in a Carmel, California art collection that also includes Graham’s sketch of Steinbeck—especially exciting. Both drawings are discolored and have acid burn, but Graham’s lines are vivid and the impression in both, even before restoration, remains strong.

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In 1991 Graham penned his remembrance of doing the two drawings (shown here) around 1940-41, and in 1995 they were included in a Monterey Museum of Art exhibition, curated by Richard Gadd and called “Monterey Life: The Steinbeck Years.” Ironically, when I came across the pair on my first visit to a Carmel collector’s home several months ago I was writing The Willow Grave, a screenplay on Graham and his wife Judith Deim. Ricketts and Steinbeck are significant characters in the story.

“Doing John’s Portrait Was an Unusual Luxury” for Artist

Graham’s recollection of sketching Steinbeck was still fresh when he wrote this note:

Doing John’s portrait was an unusual luxury in this way. A portrait subject usually sits stiffly several times at best. But since John was present in my studio for hours of many days, I had ample time to exploit the project in many ways and mediums. This particular drawing was done in the manner of a technique called silverpoint – which attempts to suggest much with little, a simple clarity of line. This work is not true silverpoint but very similar in intent and result. I should have mentioned that the reason for this “artists” luxury was John’s longhand writing of “The Sea of Cortez.” Therefor several studies were made.

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Equally strong was Graham’s memory of sketching Ricketts:

The drawing of Ed was done quickly during a brief posing period. Later in my studio, and drawing on my memory and experience, a more complete three-dimensional work was done and I am quite certain hangs in the Steinbeck library in Salinas. I planned on doing an oil but that project was never accomplished.

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Ellwood Graham and Judith Deim—then going by her given name of Barbara Stevenson—were artists from St. Louis, Missouri, who made their way to California on Route 66 during the Dust Bowl days of the Great Depression. By chance in Los Angeles they met Gordon Grant, the California artist who was creating murals under the auspices of the Federal Art Project, and he hired them. They were working on the mural in the Ventura, California post office when—again a chance meeting—they met Steinbeck and Ricketts, who were passing through on their way to Mexico. Before parting, Ricketts and Steinbeck invited the young artists to visit Monterey, which, of course, they eventually did. Deim was to do her own portrait of Steinbeck (shown here). It is in the collection of the Martha Heasley Cox Center for Steinbeck Studies. Graham also did an oil portrait of the writer, but it was lost and its whereabouts are unknown.

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Newlyweds, Deim and Graham (shown with their children in this undated photo) met as students in the School of Fine Arts at Washington University and went on to distinguished careers in California and Mexicao. Deim exhibited at the San Francisco Museum of Art, the Palace of the Legion of Honor, and the Patzcuaro Museum (she spent the last years of her life in Mexico’s Michoacan). Among many honors, she was the first artist given a solo exhibition at the Carmel Art Association, in 1946. Graham has work in the Whitney Museum, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the De Young Museum, and the Monterey Museum of Art. Among dozens of exhibits and solos, he had work in the 1939 Golden Gate International Exhibition in San Francisco. Deim spent her last years in Mexico. Graham died in Oregon.

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An art dealer in Los Angeles who specializes in early modernism told me he knew Graham had a strong sense of his worth as an artist, “because when I find his old paintings, they usually have a pretty high price—for the time—on the reverse side.” Steinbeck and Ricketts believed in Graham and Deim’s talent; Steinbeck, for instance, felt easy enough in their presence to write while they painted him. Luck brought Graham and Deim to the attention of Gordon Grant in Los Angeles and Ricketts and Steinbeck at the Ventura post office. I, too, was fortunate to happen upon Ellwood Graham’s drawings in that Carmel collection.

Ellwood Graham’s recently rediscovered sketches of John Steinbeck and Ed Ricketts courtesy of private collector in Carmel, California.

 

Cannery Row, Sea of Cortez Still Making Waves—On Both Sides of the Ocean—in 2019

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Anticipating the 80th anniversary of John Steinbeck and Edward Ricketts’s expedition to the Sea of Cortez, and the 75th anniversary of the publication of Steinbeck’s novel Cannery Row, new profiles by or about a pair of writers born in England brilliantly reflect the role played by Steinbeck, Ricketts, and their free-range relationship in marrying literary imagination with marine biology to create modern ecological consciousness.

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“John Steinbeck’s Epic Ocean Voyage Rewrote the Rules of Ecology”—a thoroughly researched and well-written feature by Richard Grant in the September 2019 issue of Smithsonian Magazine—recounts the 1940 journey that resulted in Sea of Cortez, the 1941 book co-authored by Steinbeck and Ricketts, and the ambitious project to restore The Western Flyer, the boat they used for their “voyage of discovery” to the waters and shores of Baja California. The fact-filled text by Grant, a British journalist based in Mississippi, is creatively complemented by photographs (like the one above) by Ian C. Bates, who lives near Port Townsend, Washington, where work on The Western Flyer continues, with an eye toward relaunch off Cannery Row in 2020.

How Cannery Row Became California

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The British literary naturalist and neurologist Oliver Sacks died from cancer in August of 2015, but the prolific polymath’s debt to Sea of Cortez, Cannery Row, and the Steinbeck-Ricketts collaboration is detailed in a pair of books published in the first half of 2019. Everything in Its Place: First Loves and Last Tales, the “final volume” of essays on life, death, and Planet Earth by Sacks (who published 15 books, including  Musicophilia and The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat) contains this paragraph about coming to Steinbeck country from Canada in 1960:

I was twenty-seven. I had arrived in North America a few months before and started out by hitchhiking across Canada, then down to California, which I had been in love with since I was a fifteen-year-old schoolboy in postwar London. California stood for John Muir, Muir Woods, Death Valley, Yosemite, the soaring landscapes of Ansel Adams, the lyrical paintings of Albert Bierstadt. It meant marine biology, Monterey, and “Doc,” the romantic marine biologist figure in Steinbeck’s Cannery Row.

How Melville and Steinbeck Became Bookends

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By 1982 Sacks had achieved fame as a medical renegade with literary genius for his book Awakenings, a suspenseful history of the set of post-encephalitic parkinsonian patients temporarily unfrozen by experimental L-dopa at the Bronx psychiatric hospital where Sacks worked, not without controversy, after he moved to New York. In 1982 Sacks was accompanied by the American journalist Lawrence Wechsler (at right in photo with Sacks) on a trip home to England for a New Yorker magazine profile of Sacks that never appeared. And How Are You, Dr. Sacks?—Wechsler’s memoir of the 35-year friendship that developed between the two men—records the following exchange, about influences, after a visit with Sacks’s 90-year-old father, a genial general practitioner in London who introduced his four precocious sons early (three became doctors) to the pleasures of science and reading:

Later, conversation with Oliver reverts to his childhood and school years. I ask him what sorts of books captivated him as a youth.
      “Moby-Dick,” he replies, without a moment’s hesitation. “What can you say about Moby-Dick? There’s Shakespeare and there’s Moby-Dick and that’s that.
      “We liked Cannery Row and Sea of Cortez, for the marine biology.” (Funny that, as bookends go: Moby-Dick and Cannery Row.)

Shakespeare, Melville, and marine biology also fired John Steinbeck’s mind. As bookends go, Oliver Sacks and Smithsonian Magazine make splendid specimens of the exultation expected in 2020 around Sea of Cortez, Cannery Row, and the marriage of marine biology and literary imagination—on both sides of the Atlantic.

New Light on John Steinbeck at Stanford’s Green Library

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John Steinbeck © 1954 Yousuf Karsh

A trove of documents donated to Stanford University—the S.J. Neighbors collection of John Steinbeck papers, 1859-1999—adds dramatic detail to a literary life story that started in 19th century Germany and Palestine and became synonymous with 20th century California and America. Totaling 256 items, the acquisition is the largest since 1999, when Wells Fargo funded the addition of a major collection of Steinbeck material to the holdings of the newly renovated Green Library, which first opened in 1919, the year Steinbeck enrolled at Stanford as a freshman. The new collection includes correspondence to and from John Steinbeck, notebooks kept by his American grandmother, Almira Steinbeck, and lecture notes written by her earnest, German-born husband about their missionary work in Palestine and the attack on their compound in Jaffa that sent them packing for the United States, just in time for the outbreak of the Civil War. According to Rebecca Wingfield, curator of British and American literature, the addition of the S.J. Neighbors collection makes the Stanford University Library the most important resource anywhere for research on Steinbeck’s roots. Her colleague Ben Stone, curator of American and British history, notes that the school’s commitment to Steinbeck includes access to the collection by regular readers of the restless American writer who never got around to telling his grandparents’ back story and disappointed his family by leaving Stanford without a degree.

Exhibit, Conference Show Steinbeck is in Good Hands

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The local link between Ludwig van Beethoven and John Steinbeck, a man who loved Broadway but preferred Bach, gave minds at San Jose State University—where the Martha Heasley Cox Center for Steinbeck Studies shares space with the Ira F. Brilliant Center for Beethoven Studies—the bright idea for The Art of Biography, an exhibit of images and objects from the two collections that runs through July 6, 2019 on the fifth floor of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Library. Timed to coincide with the 2019 Steinbeck conference, held May 1-3, the exhibit’s Steinbeck content was created by Alexandra Mezza and Allison Galbreath, graduating students in the MFA creative writing program directed by Nick Taylor, who also serves as director of the Steinbeck center.

The local link between Ludwig van Beethoven and John Steinbeck gave San Jose State University the idea for an exhibit of images and objects from the two collections.

Like this exhibit photo of Elaine Steinbeck, taken at Cannery Row in 1975, the 2019 conference field was dominated by women with a special touch for John Steinbeck. Speakers included Mary Papazian, the Milton scholar who became San Jose State University’s president since the last Steinbeck conference was held three years ago; Noelle Brada-Williams, the new chair of the university’s English department; Susan Shillinglaw, English professor and author of the artful biography, Carol and John Steinbeck: Portrait of a Marriage; Marisa Plumb, also of the English department; Barbara A. Heavilin, professor emeritus at Taylor University and editor-in-chief of Steinbeck Review; Mimi Gladstein, the University of Texas, El Paso, superstar who writes about Steinbeck, Hemingway, and Faulkner’s women; Cecilia Donohue, a retired professor of English at Madonna University; Elisabeth Bayley, who teaches at Loyola University in Chicago; Aya Kubota, a professor at Japan’s Bunka Gakuen University; Lori Newcomb, a teacher at Wayne State College; Naama Cohen of Tel Aviv University; Danica Cerce, a member of the faculty of the University of Ljubljana in Slovenia; Debra Cumberland, a teacher at Winona State University; Robin Provey, a graduate student at Western Connecticut State University; Jennifer Ren, an entering law student at the University of Houston; and Audry Lynch, the veteran educator from Boston who had the unusual experience of interviewing each of Steinbeck’s three wives in California.

Like the exhibit photo of Elaine Steinbeck taken in 1975, the 2019 conference field was dominated by women with a special touch for John Steinbeck.

Women also filled the stage for after-hour attractions during the conference. Three 2018-19 Steinbeck Fellows in Creative Writing at San Jose State University—Katie M. Flynn, Kirin Khan, and Christine Vines—read from their fiction on opening night. When the formal program closed on Friday, 20 of 50 conference attendees boarded the bus for Salinas, where Susan Shillinglaw led a look-and-listen tour that included the Red Pony Ranch, the Steinbeck House, and the National Steinbeck Center, where Michele Speich—a nonprofit professional from Monterey—recently succeeded Shillinglaw as the Salinas organization’s executive director. Steinbeck House dinner was served by members of the Valley Guild, the group of mostly female volunteers who bought the home in the 1970s and pay the bills by running the restaurant and encouraging donations. If Martha Heasley Cox had such women in mind for the future of John Steinbeck’s legacy when she started the center that bears her name, also in the 1970s, today’s results would have to make her happy.

Photograph by John Bryson courtesy of the Martha Heasley Cox Center for Steinbeck Studies.

Profile by Martin Chilton Best Writing on Steinbeck in 2018

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A December 20, 2018 piece published by The Independent to mark the 50th anniversary of John Steinbeck’s death could be the best writing about Steinbeck in a milestone year for journalism devoted to an author who still makes waves. The compelling profile of Steinbeck by Martin Chilton, culture editor of England’s Telegraph chain, describes “a flawed genius” who was chronically ill, frequently angry, but never inconsequential. “When I met the singer and actor Harry Belafonte,” recalls Chilton, who also writes about sports and music, “he told me Steinbeck ‘was one of the people who turned my life around as a young man,’ inspiring ‘a lifelong love of literature.’” Chilton’s take on Steinbeck’s life turns on milestone events—brushes with death, bouts of depression, divorces and disappointments—whose cumulative weight made Steinbeck “Mad at the World,” the title of the biography by William Souder scheduled for publication by W.W. Norton in 2019. A quotation from our 2015 interview with Souder includes a hyperlink to Steinbeck Now, making 2018 a milestone year for us too.

Photo of Martin Chilton courtesy of the Telegraph newspaper group

Sag Harbor Library Returns John Steinbeck’s Love

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When John Steinbeck and his wife Elaine bought a home in Sag Harbor, New York in 1955, the whaling village on the eastern tip of Long Island had the essential ingredients for happiness the controversial writer missed after leaving Pacific Grove, California—water, history, and a casual lifestyle, like Cannery Row, that allowed for anonymity. New England whaling had gone the way of the California sardine industry long before the couple’s arrival, but weekend fishing was still good and a Sag Harbor tradition of hospitality to authors, starting with James Fenimore Cooper, survived. That particular tradition is on display again through December 20, 2018, the 50th anniversary of John Steinbeck’s death, with a commemoration of Steinbeck’s life by Sag Harbor’s John Jermain public library, named after a local hero from Cooper’s time. Activities include films, library talks, and a digital wall of remembrance for residents who knew or saw Steinbeck when he and Elaine were in town. (Catherine Creedon, the library director, is shown with Preservation Long Island award recipient Zach Studenroth in this April 11, 2018 photograph by Michael Heller, courtesy of the Sag Harbor Express.)

Parallels Meet: Steinbeck, Moberg, and Two Migrations

Images from Vilhelm Moberg's The Emigrants and John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath

Steve Hauk, the author of Steinbeck: The Untold Stories, contributed to this account of an overlooked aspect of John Steinbeck’s life, writing, and reputation as a 20th century American internationalist: his association with the Swedish writer Vilhelm Moberg, with whom he shared political sympathies, geographical proximity, and personal traits, including depression.—Ed. 

John Steinbeck and Vilhelm Moberg had more in common than literary greatness. Sensitive to the humble, powerless, and downtrodden, both writers documented social injustice with abiding sympathy and convincing clarity in works of fiction that became classics. Both wrote novelistic sagas of human migration that became major movies—Steinbeck’s 1930s protest novel The Grapes of Wrath and The Emigrants, the series of four novels in Swedish written by Moberg and made into a pair of feature films starring Liv Ullmann and Max von Sydow in the 1970s. Both men did some of their best writing on California’s Monterey Peninsula, though at different times, and may have met there in the late 1940s. “In one of his letters home, Moberg mentions having met Steinbeck,” notes Swedish scholar Jens Liljestrand, who speculates that the meeting must have been “brief and superficial,” given the barriers of language, age, and demeanor that separated them.

Both men did some of their best writing on California’s Monterey Peninsula, though at different times, and may have met there in the late 1940s.

Steinbeck died in 1968 at 66, and Moberg, who was born in 1898, committed suicide in 1973. But one thing is certain. If they were alive today both men would be deeply disturbed by the global refugee crisis and the resurgent nativism that has nurtured anti-immigration movements in Sweden, the United States, and across Europe. While Steinbeck focused on a family of Oklahoma tenant farmers driven west by natural catastrophe and Depression economics, Moberg followed a family of Swedish farmers who abandon the stony soil of Smaland in the 1800s for the promised land of rural Minnesota. Both took sides in parallel stories of epic struggle—for survival, dignity, and a place to call home. In each case, the dream of land and domicile motivated migration across states or seas by displaced souls, described most poignantly in the African American spiritual “Sometimes I Feel Like A Motherless Child.”

Both took sides in parallel stories of epic struggle—for survival, dignity, and a place to call home.

When Vilhelm Moberg came to California in 1948, the Monterey Peninsula was about to face its own disaster—the depletion of the sardine population through over-fishing predicted by John Steinbeck and Ed Ricketts, who died the year Moberg arrived. Gustaf Lannestock, a Swede who had worked as a masseur at the Hotel Del Monte and moved to Carmel, met Moberg walking on the beach and became his friend and translator. In 1998, the late Monterey County Herald columnist Bonnie Gartshore described the fateful encounter: “One day in 1948, Vilhelm Moberg, Sweden’s foremost novelist, took a rest from writing “Utvandrana” (“The Emigrants”). He had come to the Monterey Peninsula after long months of research to write the book, first of a [quartet] about Swedish families . . . in the 1800s. One way of relaxing after intense writing stints was to plunge into the surf at Carmel Beach.’’

Moberg came to the Monterey Peninsula to write a book about Swedish families in the 1800s.

When Steinbeck lived in Pacific Grove in the 1930s he sought relief in the same fashion, exploring the tide pools with his friend Ricketts and gaining a sense of proportion. Lannestock and his wife Lucile enjoyed Swedish-style entertaining and their home attracted a party crowd, described by Liljestrand as the “cultural elite in Carmel,” that included Ricketts—who wrote of his friendship with Lannestock—and Steinbeck, as well as Robinson Jeffers. But according to Moberg, notes Liljestrand, the Lannestocks “didn’t socialize much with Steinbeck” because “they took his estranged wife’s side” when the Steinbecks moved to Los Gatos and their marriage collapsed. Steinbeck’s career eventually took him to Hollywood, Mexico, and Manhattan. He completed East of Eden, the California saga of his mother’s Irish-immigrant farm family, in New York. Moberg—who based his quartet of Swedish emigrant novels on the diaries of a Minnesota farmer—had finished the first two (shown here) in Carmel by 1952, the year East of Eden appeared.

Image of Vilhelm Moberg, author of The Emigrants

When war came, neither Moberg nor Steinbeck was afraid to speak out. Moberg was openly critical of Sweden’s attempt at neutrality, and his 1941 novel Ride This Night, though set in the 17th century, is clearly a commentary on Nazi aggression. Steinbeck’s 1942 novella The Moon Is Down is about the invasion of an unnamed town in Scandinavia by an unnamed army that is unmistakably German. The book was outlawed in occupied Sweden, where Steinbeck had friends, but contraband copies were passed by hand and Steinbeck’s contribution to European morale was cited when he received the Nobel Prize from the Swedish Academy. The Steinbeck-Moberg connection can also be seen in Arvid and Robert, characters in The New Land who, as the film critic Terrence Rafferty observed, “have come to resemble Lennie and George, the wanderers of John Steinbeck’s ‘Of Mice and Men’” in the 1972 motion picture adaptation of the second novel in Moberg’s emigrant series. The movie’s director was Jan Troell, a Swede who shared Steinbeck and Moberg’s vision of the emigrant experience—and who came to the Monterey Peninsula in 1974 to shoot Zandy’s Bride, also starring Liv Ullman.

When war came, neither Moberg nor Steinbeck was afraid to speak out.

Swedes are supposed to be solitary types who wait for others to break the ice, a function frequently served by friends like Lannestock and Ricketts, Moberg’s likely entrée to Steinbeck’s world. “According to Lannestock’s memoir,” notes Liljestrand, “Moberg’s English wasn’t very good. He mostly hung out with just the Lannestocks, with whom he spoke Swedish.” If Bonnie Gartshore is correct, Moberg made his way despite that obstacle. In Monterey, she says, “he enjoyed talking to Sicilian Fishermen whom he met on Fisherman’s Wharf, and he wrote an article about them for a Stockholm newspaper.” Devastated by the death of Ricketts and a second failed marriage, Steinbeck returned to Pacific Grove in 1949 to recover. Given their habit of taking walks, a meeting with Moberg could have occurred by accident. Given their reticence, it might have needed help.

Lannestock and Ricketts were Moberg’s likely entrée to Steinbeck’s world.

Like Steinbeck, Moberg enjoys an enduring reputation in the homeland he both criticized and celebrated in his writing. His novels are required reading in Sweden, where he’s revered as a journalist, historian, and playwright with more than two dozen dramas to his credit. Also like Steinbeck, he experimented with literary forms. Steinbeck will always be associated with Okie migration and intercalary structure for The Grapes of Wrath. The author who called The Emigrants series his “documentary novels” became synonymous with Swedish immigration to the United States. Neither writer was satisfied by the celebrity. In a letter to Toby Street, Steinbeck talked about “a longing for extinction” caused by the conviction he “had no home, never did”—cruelly ironic from one who, like Moberg, wrote so memorably of people searching for a home.

Neither Steinbeck nor Moberg was satisfied by the celebrity they achieved.

Like Steinbeck, Moberg suffered from depression that grew worse with age. A radical democrat and political contrarian, he continued to speak out against monarchy, bureaucracy, and public corruption after he returned to Sweden. But he experienced writer’s block and his melancholy became despair. Early one morning in 1973 he left a letter of apology for his wife and drowned himself. “The time is twenty past seven; I go to search in the lake for eternal sleep. Forgive me, I could not endure,” he wrote her. He is frequently paired with his fellow Scandinavian O.E. Rolvaag, the author of Giants in the Earth. But he had much in common with his fellow Californian, John Steinbeck. The connection is overlooked, but it extended to war, depression, and epic protest against epic injustice. In light of current events, it’s worth remembering.

Looks Like Tom Joad and Sings Like Woody Guthrie

Image of John CraigieJohn Craigie speaks from experience about the title of his recently released tour recording John Craigie Live: Opening for Steinbeck. The soft-spoken West Coast singer-songwriter explains that performing as a warm-up act is like “having to read a short story by another author before getting to a work by John Steinbeck,” an artist who understood the perils of playing second fiddle. A born-and-bred Californian with the face of a sweet Tom Joad and the voice of a young Woody Guthrie, Craigie combines folk music, stand-up comedy, and situational storytelling to elicit the kind of audience response espoused by Steinbeck from listeners—to judge from the live recording—who are with him all the way on the perils of presidents named Trump and books named Leviticus. “The storytelling enables listeners to relate,” says Craigie, who majored in math at UC-Santa Cruz and got his start singing and playing in a band called Pond Rock. “Really good music doesn’t make you feel good,” he adds, echoing John Steinbeck on why he wrote fiction. “It makes you feel like you’re not alone.” Sample the track, then buy a signed CD of John Craigie Live: Opening for Steinbeck. (Photo of John Craigie by Bradley Cox)